The main heat-related problems in people occur when the human body cannot cope effectively with rising temperatures.
These problems can range from mild discomfort to serious medical conditions.
What are the consequences of prolonged exposure to extreme heat?
Some of the main heat-related health problems in people include:
Heatstroke: Heatstroke is the most serious form of heat-related illness.
It occurs when the body can no longer regulate its internal temperature and the body temperature rises rapidly.
This can cause organ damage and be potentially fatal if not treated promptly.
Symptoms include hot, dry skin, confusion, dizziness, nausea, rapid pulse and loss of consciousness.
Heat Cramps: Painful muscle cramps can occur due to the loss of essential mineral salts during heavy perspiration.
These cramps usually affect the most active muscles during physical activity in hot conditions.
Heat exhaustion: Heat exhaustion is a condition characterized by extreme fatigue caused by heat.
It can occur after prolonged exposure to heat without proper hydration and rest.
Symptoms include weakness, excessive tiredness, lack of energy and mild confusion.
Sunburn: Excessive exposure to the sun without protection can cause sunburn, which is damage to the skin caused by ultraviolet radiation.
In addition to pain, redness and swelling, sunburn can increase the risk of skin cancer.
Aggravation of Pre-existing Medical Conditions: Intense heat can aggravate pre-existing medical conditions, such as cardiovascular, respiratory and kidney diseases, as well as diabetes.
This is because heat stress places an additional burden on the body’s already compromised systems.
Respiratory problems: Hot, dry air can aggravate respiratory problems such as asthma and allergies, making breathing more difficult for people who already have these conditions.
Dehydration: Dehydration is a common concern in hot climates, as excessive sweating can lead to a loss of body fluids.
Lack of adequate hydration can result in symptoms such as dry mouth, dark urine, dizziness and fatigue.
What are the preventive measures?
It is important to take precautionary measures during intense heat, such as:
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Stay well hydrated;
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Avoid direct exposure to the sun during the hottest periods of the day;
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Wear light clothing and sunscreen;
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Seek shelter and cooling whenever necessary.
More vulnerable people, such as the elderly, young children and those with pre-existing medical conditions, should be especially careful during periods of intense heat.
